Identifications
Alfred Thayer Mahan- American naval strategist who wrote The Influence of Sea Power Upon History which argued for naval power
Valeriano Weyler- Spanish General who locked up Cuban civilians in reconcentration camps during the Cuban Revolution
de Lome Letter- letter written by de Lome denouncing President McKinley and infuriated Americans
Emilio Aguinaldo- part Chinese leader of the Filipino insurgents in the Filipino Rebellion against America
Jingoism- when a country uses threats to safeguard its national interests
Teller Amendment- allowed US military to restore control of Cuba to the Cuban people
Rough Riders- name for United States First Volunteer Cavalry led by Teddy Roosevelt and fought in Spanish American War
Anti-Imperialist League- organization of people opposed to American imperialism in the Phillipines
Foraker Act- US act that established civilian government on Puerto Rico
Insular cases- Supreme court cases determining the status of US territories
Platt Amendment- gave US permission to claim certain territories in the Western Hemisphere
Spheres of Influence- region in which a country has political, economic, or military influence
Philippine Insurrection- conflict between US and filipino insurgents fighting for freedom
Open Door Policy- policy which allowed multiple powers access to China
Boxer Rebellion- rebellion by anti imperialist Chinese Righteous Harmony Society opposing foreign imperialism
Big Stick Policy- Teddy Roosevelt's idea of negotiating peacefully but with threat of military action
Roosevelt Corollary- corollary to monroe doctrine which stated that the US would intervene on wars between European and Latin countries
Portsmouth Conference- created a treaty that ended the Russo-Japanese war
Gentlemen’s Agreement- agreement between two parties based on honor
Root-Takahira Agreement- agreement between US and Japan which established American control of Hawaii and Phillipines with Japanese control of northern china
Guided Reading Questions
America Turns Outward
Know: Josiah Strong, Alfred Mahan, Richard Olney, British Guiana, Great Rapprochement
1. What factors caused America to turn its attention to the world beyond her borders?
A desire for markets beyond American shores as agricultural and industrial production boomed as well as a desire for adventure
Spurning the Hawaiian Pear
Know: Queen Liliuokalani
2. Why did President Cleveland not want to annex Hawaii?
Cleveland suspected that his powerful nation had gravely wronged the Hawaiians, which ended up being true as many Hawaiians opposed annexation
Cubans Rise in Revolt
Know: General Weyler
3. What was happening in Cuba that caused Americans to be concerned?
Cuban masses revolted against spanish oppressors adopting a scorched earth policy which burned fields and sugar mills, menacing American interests on the island
Dewey's May Day Victory at Manila
Know: Teddy Roosevelt, George Dewey
4. Why did Commodore Dewey have such an easy victory over the Spanish fleet at the Philippines?
The spanish fleet at manila was antiquated and overmatched which allowed Commodore Dewey to easily overpower them
The Confused Invasion of Cuba
Know: Rough Riders, Teddy Roosevelt, San Juan Hill
5. Describe the fighting in Cuba.
The fighting was very ill planned, with american troops unprepared for tropical warfare. Americans easily defeated the spanish in battle, but had to fight against disease too.
America's Course (Curse?) of Empire
Know: Anti-Imperialist League
6. What were the arguments for and against the annexation of the Philippines?
For: It would provide a new market for american goods. Against: America was being an imperialist bully trying to take over the phillipines
Makers of America: The Puerto Ricans
7. How has U.S. citizenship caused Puerto Ricans to be different from other immigrants?
It allowed puerto ricans to travel to american cities easier and therefore assimilate with american society
Perplexities in Puerto Rico and Cuba
Know: Insular Cases, General Leonard Wood, Walter Reed, Platt Amendment, Guantanamo
8. Describe American treatment of Cuba after the Spanish-American War.
Cubans were treated harshly, and they had to follow the US in any treaties or reserve land
New Horizons in Two Hemispheres
9. What were the outcomes of the Spanish-American War?
America was now considered a world power and gained the new lands of Cuba and Philippines.
"Little Brown Brothers" in the Philippines
Know: William Howard Taft, Benevolent Assimilation
10. In what way do the Philippines show the good and bad sides of American imperialism?
Filipino civilians did not like american rule, and insurrected. However, under american rule, transportation was improved and disease was decreased
Hinging the Open Door in China
Know: Boxer Rebellion
11. Was American involvement in China beneficial to China?
No, it forced the chinese to trade openly, something that the Chinese were against
Makers of America: The Filipinos
12. Were Filipino immigrants welcomed with open arms in America? Explain.
Yes and No, they provided a source of cheap labor but angered whites because filipinos were going after white girls due to a lack of filipino girls
Imperialism or Bryanism in 1900?
13. What issues were important in the 1900 election?
American imperialism, or Bryanism, the doctrine of Bryan in which he was imperialism
TR: Brandisher of the Big Stick
Know: Big Stick, Bully Pulpit
14. Give evidence to show that Teddy Roosevelt was an unconventional president?
He used his big stick policy, threatening other nations with military force
Building the Panama Canal
Know: Hay-Pauncefote Treaty, Philippe Bunau-Varilla, George Washington Goethals, William C. Gorgas
15. Why was the Panama route chosen for the canal?
It would connect the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, and it was purchased from the Columbians
TR's Perversion of Monroe's Doctrine
Know: Roosevelt Corollary, Dominican Republic, Bad Neighbor
16. Explain the similarities and differences between the Monroe Doctrine and the Roosevelt Corollary?
The Monroe Doctrine did was that it made it so that Europeans can’t come to the Americas and invade to collect the taxes and debts that the Latin-Americas owed to them. The Roosevelt Corollary said that the US will intervene for the Europeans so that the Europeans wouldn’t have to come there. This was not well liked by the Latin-Americans and was seen as a bad move but to the Americans, it seemed like a good thing to do, since they were protecting them from the Europeans. It was used once when Cuba called for help in collecting the taxes and what not but it was still seen as something bad to the Latin-Americans.
Roosevelt on the World Stage
Know: Russo-Japanese War, Portsmouth
17. How did Teddy Roosevelt win the Nobel Peace Prize?
he was the mediator of different
conflicts when he was called to do so during his presidency. For example, Japan called TR to mediate after the Russo-Japanese War. The 3 nations met in
Portsmouth, New Hampshire, and talked of peace. Japan felt that they won and deserve the islands they were fighting over. However, both parties got only half of what they wanted and went home with sour feelings. However, peace happened so it was ok. North African was also peaceful after TR intervened and he was awarded for being peaceful.
Japanese Laborers in California
Know: Gentlemen’s Agreement, Great White Fleet
18. How did a school board in California act in a way that first hurt and then helped American-Japanese
relations?
It segregated Japanese American and White American children into different schools, but later put them back together
Varying Viewpoints: Why did America Become a World Power?
19. What caused America's foray into imperialism? Defend your opinion.
It was caused by yellow journalism, convincing americans that they needed to expand to avoid the mistreatment from other nations
Alfred Thayer Mahan- American naval strategist who wrote The Influence of Sea Power Upon History which argued for naval power
Valeriano Weyler- Spanish General who locked up Cuban civilians in reconcentration camps during the Cuban Revolution
de Lome Letter- letter written by de Lome denouncing President McKinley and infuriated Americans
Emilio Aguinaldo- part Chinese leader of the Filipino insurgents in the Filipino Rebellion against America
Jingoism- when a country uses threats to safeguard its national interests
Teller Amendment- allowed US military to restore control of Cuba to the Cuban people
Rough Riders- name for United States First Volunteer Cavalry led by Teddy Roosevelt and fought in Spanish American War
Anti-Imperialist League- organization of people opposed to American imperialism in the Phillipines
Foraker Act- US act that established civilian government on Puerto Rico
Insular cases- Supreme court cases determining the status of US territories
Platt Amendment- gave US permission to claim certain territories in the Western Hemisphere
Spheres of Influence- region in which a country has political, economic, or military influence
Philippine Insurrection- conflict between US and filipino insurgents fighting for freedom
Open Door Policy- policy which allowed multiple powers access to China
Boxer Rebellion- rebellion by anti imperialist Chinese Righteous Harmony Society opposing foreign imperialism
Big Stick Policy- Teddy Roosevelt's idea of negotiating peacefully but with threat of military action
Roosevelt Corollary- corollary to monroe doctrine which stated that the US would intervene on wars between European and Latin countries
Portsmouth Conference- created a treaty that ended the Russo-Japanese war
Gentlemen’s Agreement- agreement between two parties based on honor
Root-Takahira Agreement- agreement between US and Japan which established American control of Hawaii and Phillipines with Japanese control of northern china
Guided Reading Questions
America Turns Outward
Know: Josiah Strong, Alfred Mahan, Richard Olney, British Guiana, Great Rapprochement
1. What factors caused America to turn its attention to the world beyond her borders?
A desire for markets beyond American shores as agricultural and industrial production boomed as well as a desire for adventure
Spurning the Hawaiian Pear
Know: Queen Liliuokalani
2. Why did President Cleveland not want to annex Hawaii?
Cleveland suspected that his powerful nation had gravely wronged the Hawaiians, which ended up being true as many Hawaiians opposed annexation
Cubans Rise in Revolt
Know: General Weyler
3. What was happening in Cuba that caused Americans to be concerned?
Cuban masses revolted against spanish oppressors adopting a scorched earth policy which burned fields and sugar mills, menacing American interests on the island
Dewey's May Day Victory at Manila
Know: Teddy Roosevelt, George Dewey
4. Why did Commodore Dewey have such an easy victory over the Spanish fleet at the Philippines?
The spanish fleet at manila was antiquated and overmatched which allowed Commodore Dewey to easily overpower them
The Confused Invasion of Cuba
Know: Rough Riders, Teddy Roosevelt, San Juan Hill
5. Describe the fighting in Cuba.
The fighting was very ill planned, with american troops unprepared for tropical warfare. Americans easily defeated the spanish in battle, but had to fight against disease too.
America's Course (Curse?) of Empire
Know: Anti-Imperialist League
6. What were the arguments for and against the annexation of the Philippines?
For: It would provide a new market for american goods. Against: America was being an imperialist bully trying to take over the phillipines
Makers of America: The Puerto Ricans
7. How has U.S. citizenship caused Puerto Ricans to be different from other immigrants?
It allowed puerto ricans to travel to american cities easier and therefore assimilate with american society
Perplexities in Puerto Rico and Cuba
Know: Insular Cases, General Leonard Wood, Walter Reed, Platt Amendment, Guantanamo
8. Describe American treatment of Cuba after the Spanish-American War.
Cubans were treated harshly, and they had to follow the US in any treaties or reserve land
New Horizons in Two Hemispheres
9. What were the outcomes of the Spanish-American War?
America was now considered a world power and gained the new lands of Cuba and Philippines.
"Little Brown Brothers" in the Philippines
Know: William Howard Taft, Benevolent Assimilation
10. In what way do the Philippines show the good and bad sides of American imperialism?
Filipino civilians did not like american rule, and insurrected. However, under american rule, transportation was improved and disease was decreased
Hinging the Open Door in China
Know: Boxer Rebellion
11. Was American involvement in China beneficial to China?
No, it forced the chinese to trade openly, something that the Chinese were against
Makers of America: The Filipinos
12. Were Filipino immigrants welcomed with open arms in America? Explain.
Yes and No, they provided a source of cheap labor but angered whites because filipinos were going after white girls due to a lack of filipino girls
Imperialism or Bryanism in 1900?
13. What issues were important in the 1900 election?
American imperialism, or Bryanism, the doctrine of Bryan in which he was imperialism
TR: Brandisher of the Big Stick
Know: Big Stick, Bully Pulpit
14. Give evidence to show that Teddy Roosevelt was an unconventional president?
He used his big stick policy, threatening other nations with military force
Building the Panama Canal
Know: Hay-Pauncefote Treaty, Philippe Bunau-Varilla, George Washington Goethals, William C. Gorgas
15. Why was the Panama route chosen for the canal?
It would connect the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, and it was purchased from the Columbians
TR's Perversion of Monroe's Doctrine
Know: Roosevelt Corollary, Dominican Republic, Bad Neighbor
16. Explain the similarities and differences between the Monroe Doctrine and the Roosevelt Corollary?
The Monroe Doctrine did was that it made it so that Europeans can’t come to the Americas and invade to collect the taxes and debts that the Latin-Americas owed to them. The Roosevelt Corollary said that the US will intervene for the Europeans so that the Europeans wouldn’t have to come there. This was not well liked by the Latin-Americans and was seen as a bad move but to the Americans, it seemed like a good thing to do, since they were protecting them from the Europeans. It was used once when Cuba called for help in collecting the taxes and what not but it was still seen as something bad to the Latin-Americans.
Roosevelt on the World Stage
Know: Russo-Japanese War, Portsmouth
17. How did Teddy Roosevelt win the Nobel Peace Prize?
he was the mediator of different
conflicts when he was called to do so during his presidency. For example, Japan called TR to mediate after the Russo-Japanese War. The 3 nations met in
Portsmouth, New Hampshire, and talked of peace. Japan felt that they won and deserve the islands they were fighting over. However, both parties got only half of what they wanted and went home with sour feelings. However, peace happened so it was ok. North African was also peaceful after TR intervened and he was awarded for being peaceful.
Japanese Laborers in California
Know: Gentlemen’s Agreement, Great White Fleet
18. How did a school board in California act in a way that first hurt and then helped American-Japanese
relations?
It segregated Japanese American and White American children into different schools, but later put them back together
Varying Viewpoints: Why did America Become a World Power?
19. What caused America's foray into imperialism? Defend your opinion.
It was caused by yellow journalism, convincing americans that they needed to expand to avoid the mistreatment from other nations